@INPROCEEDINGS{leishman12relative, author = {Leishman, Robert and Macdonald, John and McLain, Timothy and Beard, Randal}, title = {Relative Navigation and Control of a Hexacopter}, booktitle = {Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2012 IEEE International Conference on}, year = {2012}, month = {may}, abstract = {This paper discusses the progress made on developing a multi-rotor helicopter equipped with a vision-based ability to navigate through an a priori unknown, GPS-denied environment. We highlight the backbone of our system, the relative estimation and control. We depart from the common practice of using a globally referenced map, preferring instead to keep the position and yaw states in the EKF relative to the current map node. This relative navigation approach allows simple application of sensor updates, natural characterization of the transformation between map nodes, and the potential to generate a globally consistent map when desired. The EKF fuses view matching data from a Microsoft Kinect with more frequent IMU data to provide state estimates at rates high enough to control the vehicles fast dynamics. Although an EKF is used, a nodes and edges graph represents the map. Hardware results showing the quality of the estimates and flights with estimates in the loop are provided.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{leishman11utilizing, author = {Leishman, Robert and Macdonald, John and Quebe, Stephen and Ferrin, Jeff and Beard, Randal and McLain, Timothy}, title = {Utilizing an improved rotorcraft dynamic model in state estimation}, booktitle = {Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on}, year = {2011}, pages = {5173 -5178}, month = {sept.}, abstract = {Multirotor aircraft have become a popular platform for indoor flight. To navigate these vehicles indoors through an unknown environment requires the use of a SLAM algorithm, which can be processing intensive. However, their size, weight, and power capacity limit the processing capabilities available onboard. In this paper, we describe an approach to state estimation that helps to alleviate this problem. By using an improved dynamic model we show how to more accurately estimate the aircraft states than can be done with the traditional approach of integrating IMU measurements. The estimation is done with relatively infrequent corrections from accelerometers (40Hz) and even less frequent updates from a vision-based SLAM algorithm (2 #x2013;5 Hz). This benefit of requiring less frequent updates from processing intensive sources comes without significant increase in the estimator's complexity.}, doi = {10.1109/IROS.2011.6094922}, issn = {2153-0858} } @INPROCEEDINGS{ferrin11differential, author = {Ferrin, Jeff and Leishman, Robert and Beard, Randy and McLain, Tim}, title = {Differential flatness based control of a rotorcraft for aggressive maneuvers}, booktitle = {Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on}, year = {2011}, pages = {2688 -2693}, month = {sept.}, abstract = {We propose a new method to control a multi-rotor aerial vehicle. We show that the system dynamics are differentially flat. We utilize the differential flatness of the system to provide a feed forward input. The system model derived allows for arbitrary changes in yaw and is not limited to small roll and pitch angles. We demonstrate in hardware the ability to follow a highly maneuverable path while tracking a time-varying heading command.}, doi = {10.1109/IROS.2011.6095098}, issn = {2153-0858} }